What is the proper braking technique when going down a long steep downgrade?

Using brakes periodically to control speed is the proper technique when going down a long steep downgrade because it helps to prevent brake overheating and maintains control of the vehicle. When a driver continuously applies the brakes, they can generate excessive heat, leading to brake fade, which diminishes braking effectiveness. By applying the brakes intermittently—allowing time for them to cool between applications—the driver can manage the vehicle's speed while ensuring the brakes remain effective throughout the descent.

This approach also allows the driver to monitor the vehicle’s speed and make adjustments based on the steepness of the hill, road conditions, and traffic. Maintaining a proper speed is crucial for safety, and periodic braking is an effective way to achieve that without compromising the vehicle's braking system.

The other techniques, such as keeping the brakes applied at all times, could lead to overheating and potential brake failure. Shifting into neutral would eliminate engine braking, which assists in controlling speed, making it a less effective method. Constant braking until reaching the bottom is also not advisable as it can create dangerous conditions due to brake failure or loss of control.